In fact, the majority of apostrophes addressed to patroclus in the iliad occur in scenes in which the hero is explicitly threatened by death. Noble achilles, the fleet of foot, saw and pitied him, and spoke to him with winged words. Hector taunts the fallen man, but with his dying words patroclus foretells hectors own death. Achilles prays to zeus for patroclus protection, futilely. Then patroclus sprang like mars with fierce intent and a terrific shout upon the trojans, and thrice did he kill nine men. Grief overcomes achilles as he falls to the ground weeping. Patroclus killed many trojans and trojan allies, including a son of zeus, sarpedon.
Troy is based on the epic poem the iliad by homer, according to the. All the same, it definitely sounds like patroklos is trying to knock hektors ego down a few notches, basically telling him he talks the talk, but doesnt walk the. As they fought on around the benched ship, patroclus, hot tears pouring down his face like a stream of dark water flowing in dusky streaks down the face of a sheer cliff, returned to achilles, leader of men. Litcharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in the iliad, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Still, were going to give the dream the benefit of the doubt and say that it could well be the spirit of patroklos. Explain the meaning of the sunless ocean and the towering blank rocks 16. Set during the trojan war, the tenyear siege of the city of troy ilium by a coalition of greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between king agamemnon and the warrior achilles. Meanwhile thefleet runner antilochus who had been sent as messenger reachedachilles and found him. The trojans see the coming myrmidons and believe that achilles has finally come to battle.
Learn iliad iliad book 16 with free interactive flashcards. The iliad by homer book 16 knowitall to knownothing. This is reflected in his use of maternal similes to describe his relationship to the achaean army 9. Troy, freely adapted by david benioff from the iliad and other sources. Summary patroclus seeks achilles, crying and pleading for help, about how the aechaeans are losing the war. Murray 1 thus then they were warring around the wellbenched ship, but patroclus drew nigh to achilles, shepherd of the host, shedding hot tears, even as a fountain of dark water that down over the face of a beetling cliff poureth its dusky stream. The myrmidons swarm like bees as patroclus sounds the charge and fills them with courage. Menelaus, fighting nearby, watches the death of patroclus. An analysis of the meeting between diomedes and glaucus in iliad.
The iliad cliffsnotes study guides book summaries, test. Diomed, ulysses, agamemnon, eurypylus are all injured. Homer uses metaphorical language indicating that the victim has died, along with a comment on the psyche or thymos departing from the corpse. Bk 16, 243248achilles and ritual and prayerbk 16, 260293. He would borrow achilles armor so that the trojans believe that he is achilles back on the field. It is a 2 minute action summary of book 16 of the iliad. Achilles agrees and lets patroclus use his armor, but he cautions patroclus not to attack the trojans. By this he means that dying characters may reflect briefly upon the meaning of their life. This is a crucial book and a turning point because in it zeus sits idly by knowing his son sarpedon will be killed, and achilles friend patroclus is also killed. This lesson focuses on book 16 of the iliad by homer. So they fought to the death around that benched beaked ship as patroclus reached achilles, his great commander, and wept warm tears like a dark spring running down some desolate rock face, its shaded currents flowing. Murray 1 and the son of atreus, menelaus, dear to ares, failed not to mark that patroclus had been slain in battle by the trojans, but fared amid the foremost fighters, harnessed in flaming bronze, and bestrode the dead, as over a calf standeth lowing plaintively its mother, that hath brought forth her firstborn, ere then knowing naught of motherhood. Character profile for patroclus from the iliad page 1. Patroclus begins killing trojans, and the achaeans drive the trojans back from the warships.
Patroclus rebels against achilles and his stubborn, enraged, heart of iron 16. Poseidon comes down to the battlefield and takes the form of calchas the seer. Homer, iliad book 16 theoi classical texts library. The fate of death the iliad, research paper 1087 words. See more ideas about achilles and patroclus, achilles and trojan war. Euphorbus attempts to strip patroclus armor, but menelaus kills him. When achilles saw him thus weeping he was sorry for him and said, why, patroclus, do you stand there weeping like some silly child that comes running to her mother, and begs to be taken up.
The iliad of homer popebook 16 wikisource, the free. In the tenth year of the trojan war, tensions are running high among the achaians a superancient name for the ancient greeks. The trojans, seeing the fresh reinforcements and thinking that achilles has returned, immediately begin to fear for their lives. Revisiting the apostrophes to patroclus in iliad 16 chs. Homers iliad book 16 the glory of patroklos achilles and patroklos 1. The deaths of sarpedon and patroklos in this book introduce an elegiac tone into the last part of the iliad, as the characters that the reader sees. Choose from 500 different sets of the iliad book 16 flashcards on quizlet. Engage your students during remote learning with video readalouds. With patroclus leading them, the myrmidons swarm into battle, and are described as being like wasps that a boy has angered. In the iliad, the overwhelming majority of apostrophes are addressed to patroclus 8 times, all of them in book 16 and menelaus 7 times. In fact, one rarely sees patroklos as an individual. Hektor was only the third person to strike him though he was the only one to deliver a fatal blow.
Thoughout the whole book, zeus outlines the rest of the iliad and beyond, predicting even the eventual fall of troy, which occurs after the end of the poem. This was a project i directed for my 12th grade myth class. Patroclus asks if he can go into battle in achilles place, wearing achilles armor in order to demoralize the trojans. Zeus knows that the death of patroclus will force achilles to fight for the greeks achaeansdanaansargives. First, the priest chryses comes to ask their leader, king agamemnon, to release his daughter, whom agamemnon was holding captive.
The point is, now that you know what the things are, its high time we jumped into the middle of them. Achilless myrmidons sack apollos temple before the rest of the greek forces arrive, effectively starting the war. But listen to me first and swear an oath to use all your eloquence and strength to look after me and. Patroclus arms for battle in all respects but for achilles weighted, heavy, tough spear 16. Its exact nature has been a subject of dispute in both the classical period and modern times. It has the blocky, earnest integrity of a classic comic book, and it labors. This quote is taken from the end of book 16, where patroclus tells his final words to hector after hector killed him with his spear. Achilles watches the retreat from afar and worries about the fate of patroclus. Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Book 16 patroclus gets achilles permission to borrow his armor and march out at the head of the myrmidon troops.
Patroclus soon spears sarpedon, and both sides fight over his armor. Read book 16 death of patroclus of the iliad by homer. Summary and analysis of book 16 of homers iliad, with a focus on patroclus pride, lust for glory, and death. Why does achilles tell patroclus to limit his efforts. Battles over fallen comrades become more significant in book 16. Ucla electronic theses and dissertations escholarship. Achilles refuses to physically help, but offers patroclus his armor so that he can fight.
Achilles also warns him to only go to the ships and not any further. The sixth battle, the acts and death of patroclus, the iliad, lit2go edition, 1899, accessed may, 2020. Although he doesnt want agamemnon to secure any further glory, his heart aches for the lives of. In the iliad, homer describes a deep and meaningful relationship between achilles and patroclus, where achilles is tender toward patroclus. The iliad book 16 summary full free lesson naturezvous. Court fair honours charms in troys famed fields, and in achilles arms. Mueller says, the death of achilles begins with the news of patroclus death 58. So they fought to the death around that benched beaked ship as patroclus reached achilles. Achilles perhaps most notably among all literary characters is allowed the most extensive reflection of all. Zeus wants to save his son from his fate to be killed by patroclus, but hera argues every. Read powerpoints on achilles in books 118 and the homeric gods.
Even though patroklos is an important character in the iliad, homer gives little attention to him until the ninth book, and even then, the focus is not on patroklos himself, but on his relationship to achilles. The death throes can be brief or expanded, they sometimes include grisly detail, imagery, and a brief. Book 16 opens immediately with another grand display of patroclus. This is essentially word for word what he says in the iliad book 24. Garrett hedlund on the eyes jake weary, jason castro, landon liboiron. Patroclus approaches achilles and asks to join the fight in defense of the ships. Zeus contemplates whether to save his son from being killed or not. Achilles asks him about everything apart from the battle. If youve read book 16, youll know that what patroklos says is technically true. Homer, iliad, book 16, line 1 perseus digital library.
This creates the tragic irony of the audience knowing hectors fate even as he gains ground in battle and boasts of zeuss support. The metaphor is almost always darkness or black night covering the victims eyes or blackness taking, loosening or pouring over the dying man. Homer, iliad book 17 theoi classical texts library. Achilles retrieves a special cup and pours libation to zeus praying for patroclus to come back unharmed having gained glory.
The battle rages on between the trojan and achaean forces, and patroclus devises a scheme to free the achaean ships from the trojans. Sep 16, 20 published on sep 16, 20 patroclus begs achilles to allow him to lead the myrmidons into battle. Choose from 500 different sets of iliad iliad book 16 flashcards on quizlet. He has made a fatal decision, and the deaths of sarpedon, patroklos, hektor, achilles himself, and the fall of troy all inevitably follow. Garrett hedlund troy achilles and patroclus, garrett hedlund, fantasy male, i give. Then patroclus drew near to achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some spring.
Books 1516 book 15 marks the beginning of the end for hector and the trojans, who have reached the height of their power and now face a downhill slope. Sarpedon turns to face patroclus, and they get out of their chariots to duel. The relationship between achilles and patroclus is a key element of the stories associated with the trojan war. Hector returns briefly to the front in an attempt to retrieve the armor. For a description of the chimera and the story of its death at the hands of bellerophon, see iliad, book 6. Patroklos makes his final appearance near the beginning of book 23, when his ghost appears to achilleus in a dream. The trojans, at the sight of patroclus in achilles armour, taking him for that hero, are cast into the utmost consternation. In book 16 of the iliad, how do achilless instructions to patroclus relate to the themes of pride and humanity when he lends patroclus his armor and his horses, achilles tells him to only drive the trojans away from the ships and then come back. Thus disguised, he encourages the two aeantes great ajax and little ajax, when they are named as a pair and gives them new strength before he flies away. And the brilliant runner achilles saw him coming, filled with pity and spoke out winging words. He comes running to achilles and we are told that he wept warm tears like a dark spring running down 16. Of course, we are reminded that he was here condemned to beg for his own death and brutal doom 16. Paris and menelaus offer to duel each other and end the war before it begins. Little ajax knows then that some god has spoken to them, and the aeantes spirits rise.
Eventually comes across a trojan soldier, sarpedon, who is the mortal son of zeus. There is no dramatic character development, but one does see patroklos as a character perpetrates dramatic events and provides a. Zeuss speech makes it clear to the reader that a predestined. Zeuss speech makes it clear to the reader that a predestined conclusion awaits the achaeans and trojans. As the story finally returns to achilles in book 16, his rage may be waning a bit, but his injured pride is still as fresh as ever. From this vantage point, the end is in sight, and, correspondingly, zeus now outlines the rest of the iliad and beyond, predicting even the eventual fall of troy, which occurs after. A comparison with those addressed to menelaus at other points in the poem will enable me to pinpoint the unique manner in which the pathos of patroclus death is enhanced at the end of book 16. Book 16 thoughout the whole book, zeus outlines the rest of the iliad and beyond, predicting even the eventual fall of troy, which occurs after the end of the poem. As the fight continues, patroclus come to achilles in tears. In the iliad, patroclus is a close friend and confidant of achilles, who leads the greeks in war against the trojans. The first scene of the iliad finds chryses, the priest of apollo god of the sun and a whole lot of other stuff, approaching the achaian camp to ask for his daughter back. Much like a historical present, they take the listener into the hereandnow of the scene, creating a sense of greater proximity with the character being thus addressed.
He lets out a terrible cry and all the sea nymphs gather. The iliad sometimes referred to as the song of ilion or song of ilium is an epic poem in dactylic hexameters, traditionally attributed to homer. Several other particulars of the battle are described. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Achilles and patroclus are so emotionally close that patroclus. Then patroclus drew near to achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some spring whose crystal stream falls over the ledges of a high precipice. There, redhaired menelaus stood grasping his handy roundshield and his spear. Patroclus begs achilles to send him back to the war to help the achaeans. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of the iliad and what it means. He continues to act without humanity, showing no concern for the fate of the achaean armyin stark contrast to patroclus, who is in tears over their plight.